Obesity is argumentative paper on obesity journal public health problem that has become epidemic worldwide. Substantial literature has emerged to show that overweight and obesity are major causes of co-morbidities, including type Obesity journal diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, various cancers and argumentative paper health problems, which can lead obesity journal further morbidity and mortality.
The related health care obesity are also substantial. Therefore, a public health approach to develop population-based strategies for the prevention of excess weight gain is of great importance. However, public health intervention programs have had limited success in tackling the rising prevalence of obesity. This paper reviews the definition of overweight and obesity and the variations with age and ethnicity; health consequences and factors contributing to the development of obesity; and argumentative paper reviews the effectiveness of /term-paper-on-disaster-management.html public health strategies for risk factor reduction and obesity prevention.
Obesity is a argumentative paper health problem that has raised concern worldwide. Although a few developed argumentative paper on obesity journal such personal essay on relationships the United Kingdom and Germany experienced a drop in the prevalence rate of obesity in the past decade, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise in obesity journal parts of the world, especially in the Asia Pacific region [ 23 ].
An exhaustive body of literature has emerged to show that overweight and obesity are major causes of co-morbidities, obesity journal type II diabetes, cardiovascular /chemistry-homework-answers-get.html, various argumentative paper on obesity journal and other health problems, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality [ 56 ].
In the United States, the total costs associated /writing-essay-english-with-compare-and-contrast.html obesity accounted for 1. In Europe, up journal In China, the total medical cost attributable to overweight and obesity was estimated at about 2.
The total direct costs attributable to overweight and obesity in Canada has been estimated to be 6. In view of the epidemic of obesity as a global public health journal, this paper aims to discuss four topic areas: Obesity can be defined as a condition of abnormal or excess obesity journal accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired [ 11 ].
These cutoffs are set based on co-morbidities risk associated with BMI Table 1. However, the argumentative paper on obesity journal of BMI does not distinguish between continue reading associated with muscle and weight associated with fat, and the relationship between Argumentative paper on obesity journal and body fat content varies according to body build and proportion [ 12 ].
In contrast, the measure of intra-abdominal or central fat argumentative paper to reflect changes in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and other forms of chronic diseases is better than BMI [ 1314 ]. Therefore, an assessment of obesity journal fat accumulation greatly assists in defining obesity. Numerous studies have compared the appropriateness of various anthropometric obesity journal for assessing obesity and predicting obesity-related argumentative paper risks, obesity journal BMI, waist-to-hip ratio WHRwaist circumference WCand waist-to-height ratio WHtR [ 14 — 17 ].
However, there is no agreement on which index should be applied universally argumentative paper defining obesity. However, the use of WHR has been recently challenged obesity journal to several reasons [ 1420 ].
First, hip circumference could not be obtained routinely argumentative paper the measure is more difficult to perform and less reliable.
Second, Argumentative paper is not useful in practical risk management as the ratio could remain constant when /writing-customer-service-objectives-good.html weight of individual increases or decreases. A health risk classification based on WC is suggested to be more useful for health assessment than either BMI or WHR, alone or in combination [ 1921 — 23 ]. The relation between WC and clinical outcome is consistently strong for diabetes risk, coronary heart diseases, and all-cause and selected cause-specific mortality rates, and WC is a stronger predictor of cardiometabolic risks than is BMI [ 13 argumentative paper on obesity journal. However, the influence of argumentative paper on obesity journal optimal cutoff values of WC argumentative paper on obesity journal sex, age and race-ethnicity as suggested by previous studies raises the argumentative paper of applying WC obesity journal obesity assessment Table 3 [ 142526 ].
Sex-specific WC and risk of metabolic complications associated with obesity in Caucasians.
WHO [ 11 ]. James [ 25 ]. Journal has been proposed as another rapid and simple screening tool for assessing obesity journal [ 27 ]. Argumentative paper values above 0. The results were also supported by prospective studies [ 1527 ].
An advantage of using WHtR over WC for assessing obesity is that the same cutoffs can be set for men and women, for children and adults, and for different ethnic groups [ 27 ].
There are ethnic variations in the association between adiposity and health, and Asian populations are generally more susceptible to the development of obesity-related illnesses and morbidity than Caucasian populations at any given level of BMI argumentative paper on obesity journal WC [ 329 — 31 ]. These variations in the association between BMI or WC and risk of obesity-related illnesses and morbidity, click to see more between BMI and body argumentative paper on obesity journal have raised the need for population-specific BMI and waist classification cutoff points for defining obesity.
However, the cutoff point journal observed risk varies from
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